Writing review & editing, Affiliation https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577.g001. Conceptualization, Introduction. However, for a given level of species or threatened species, tropical regions were understudied compared to temperate regions; interactions were significant between climate region and number of threatened species (F3,227 = 36.06, p<0.0001) (Fig 9A) and between climate region and number of species (F3,227 = 48.28, p<0.0001) (Fig 9B). You are much more than your last research project. Citation: Titley MA, Snaddon JL, Turner EC (2017) Scientific research on animal biodiversity is systematically biased towards vertebrates and temperate regions. Responsibilities to wildlife in field research and conservation projects have always been complicated because ethical duties to animals, populations, and ecosystems can pull wildlife scientists and managers in different directions (Minteer and Collins 2005a, 2005b, 2008).In recent years, this situation has been made even more complex by the impacts of global change (especially . Yes In particular, whether papers studying biodiversity differ in how likely they are to specify the study taxon in the title compared between papers on invertebrate and vertebrate biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577.g003. Citescore for Animal Biodiversity and Conservation is 1.6. Yes Taken together, these findings have important implications for biodiversity conservation: the same areas that are most threatened and most diverse are the least studied [23] and where scientists research is most skewed towards less-speciose groups. In a review of fifteen years of research from two leading conservation research journals (Biological Conservation and Conservation Biology), an over-representation of vertebrates and under-representation of invertebrates was revealed [15]. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to test for differences between vertebrate and invertebrate residuals when comparing taxa for the proportion of studies versus proportion of described species as listed on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) database. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation ISSN: 1578--665X Publisher: The Natural Science Museum of Barcelona. Within vertebrates, birds and mammals were over-represented, while other taxa were under-represented. Therefore, you need to use 'forgot password' to retrieve your pass. The proportion of papers for which a taxonomic group was specified in the title differed between vertebrates and invertebrates (Chi-square test, X2 = 103.45, N = 714, P<0.0001) (Fig 5). This was not the case for invertebrate research, for which the study taxa were usually specified. Vertebrate groups are shown in red and invertebrate groups are shown in blue. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577.g006. The word produces more than 50 million hits on Google [2] and almost 90,000 in the scientific search engine and database Web of Science at the time of writing [3]. As tropical countries contain a higher total species number and are therefore likely to have a much higher proportion of undescribed species [5], particularly smaller taxa, this under-representation is likely to be even more marked in reality. Given their true species richness, vertebrates were significantly over-represented compared to invertebrates in the published literature (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, W = 24, N = 10, P<0.05) (Fig 3). The latest impact factor of ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION and all the other SCI journals has been released on 30th June 2022 by Clarivate. Resources, The United States of America had the highest number of studies of any country in the sample, but the density of biodiversity research appears to be generally highest in Western Europe. It will require a concerted effort to redress these research biases and to ensure the least studied taxa and countries do not remain so, thus ensuring that we maximise the contribution of biodiversity research to our understanding of nature, and minimise the further erosion of biodiversity in our increasingly imperiled world. In contrast, the titles of studies on invertebrates usually specified which taxa were being studied. Validation, As with the distribution of biodiversity research, the distribution of authors was heavily biased towards developed countries, particularly Western Europe (Fig 10). The scientific citation-indexing platform Web of Science was used to sample research papers from the period 19952015, following a strict and repeatable search protocol. Content appears on: Las diferencias ecomorfolgicas predicen la coexistencia de murcilagos caverncolas en Cuba. as an open-access journal, jwb (issn:2588-3526) founded by dr. morteza naderi at arak university (iran) which is indexed in scopus and web of sciences (esci), covers a wide range of topics, from various fields of biodiversity research, life sciences, earth sciences, molecular biology and genetics, wildlife ecology, and biology to different here. In particular, we mapped the number of biodiversity publications per 1000km2 on vertebrates and invertebrates for each country, to visualise biases in research effort. The impact score (IS), also denoted as Journal impact score (JIS), of an academic . Animal Biodiversity and Conservation Museu de Cincies Naturals de Barcelona Print ISSN: 1578-665X Publications +2 Diet overlap of immigrant narrowbarred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson. Full-text from most of the articles is available. One is to popularize these lesser-known taxa to allow recognition of their importance. The ISSN of this journal is 1578-665X. In tropical countries, 43% of studies included invertebrates, compared to 63% in temperate countries. Insect Ecology Group, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Roles Furthermore, the GDP of authors countries of origin (median 2,066,902 million US$) was significantly higher than the GDP of study locations (median 1,453,770 million US$) (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, N = 513, W = 89086, P < 0.0001). Contrary to this uncertainly, it is well established that diversity is not evenly distributed amongst taxa. a CC BY SCI is a multidisciplinary citation index. Writing review & editing, Affiliation All about Animal Biodiversity and Conservation at Researcher.Life. license. Therefore, we are likely to continue to undervalue these under-studied groups, especially in parts of the world where they are most threatened, and perhaps allocate less funding to their protection. Biodiversity research was more commonly carried out in developed countries with larger economies, for both vertebrate and invertebrate studies (Fig 6). Darker colours represent a higher density of studies. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATIONis a Web of Science indexed journal tha publishes research in the area: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION - SCIE(Q3). For example, only 70 modern insect extinctions have been documented, despite thousands being estimated to have occurred [13]. The proportion of studies on each taxonomic group is plotted against the actual proportion of described species [20] found in that taxon. Also reported was a preference in British Research Council NERC funding towards vertebrate ecologists (38%) compared with entomologists (13%). The number of biodiversity studies was positively related to countries nominal GDP (Poisson regression, z = 28.62, N = 232, P<0.0001) (Fig 7). Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Opportunities may be found in novel techniques such as metagenomic sequencing [34], or the development of apps that aid easy identification worldwide [35]. biodiversity was formally defined at the 1992 united nations convention on biological diversity as 'the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of Although this focus on larger species is understandable, owing to their greater apparency and potentially greater importance for ecosystem processes and vulnerability to environmental change [11,12], it does mean that invertebrate conservation issues and extinctions may go unreported or unacknowledged. In case editorial models are conditional, e.g. Biodiversity was formally defined at the 1992 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems[4]. Compose Your Research Paper As Per The Guidelines Of The Journal. This Journal is the 2846 th out of 6,760 Biology journals. Request for journal contacts Attach your article in the form below and we will send the contact details of the journal Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, and alternative journals for your research The scientific journal Animal Biodiversity and Conservation is included in the Scopus database. Improve your chances of getting published in Animal Biodiversity and Conservation with Researcher.Life. The fact that insects and arachnids were the least well represented groups in this study does not mean they are the least represented of all taxa, since there will be other poorly studied invertebrate groups included within the other invertebrates category, or within these groups at a finer taxonomic scale. No, Is the Subject Area "Animal taxonomy" applicable to this article? Yes A search for the word biodiversity in Web of Science by year reveals the increase in biodiversity research over time (search date: 10th February 2016). JWB is a university-based journal devoted to the publication of high-quality papers on all aspects of biological diversity. All journals covered in this database are reviewed for sufficiently high quality each year. e0189577. Furthermore, even when studies are carried out in lower GDP-countries, the authors tend to be based at institutions in wealthier nations. The journal is targeted at academics, practitioners and researchers who are focused on such topics of scientific research. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. In total 526 research papers were screened5% of all papers in Web of Science with biodiversity in the title. Abbreviation: Int. Many countries in Africa, central Asia and South America lacked any authors on the papers in the sample; this is particularly true when looking at lead authors only (Fig 10B). Studies on invertebrates that could not be classified into these five groups were recorded as Other invertebrates. It is published twice a year. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation; Animal Biodiversity and Conservation ISSN: 1578-665X Publisher: . The overall lack of invertebrate studies is, more precisely, a dearth of global insect and arachnid research and tropical mollusc research. To analyse the top 25% most-cited papers separately, the average number of citations per year was calculated (total citations to date divided by the time since publication). For each year, we then randomly selected 5% of all eligible articles using the random number generator www.random.org [17]. What does DOAJ define as Open Accesss? 6 No. Conserv. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. Not all invertebrate taxa were underrepresented however; in fact, four out of the six invertebrate groups were somewhat over-represented in scientific research. Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, Roles No, Is the Subject Area "Species diversity" applicable to this article? The majority of studies on vertebrates (with the exception of studies on fishes) do not mention the study taxon in the title. ISSN: 1578-665X | e-ISSN: 2014-928X. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577.s001. Final instar larva of Neocordulia volxemi (Selys, 1874) (Odonata, Libelluloidea) from southeastern Brazil, Exploration behaviour and foraging strategies in Mediterranean blue tits, The effect of sex on home range in an urban population of European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus at the southern edge of its distribution, First record of Brongersma's toad Barbarophryne brongersmai (Anura, Bufonidae) in the central High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, Diet of the bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) along the northern Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION. Such taxonomic chauvinism is by no means restricted to children, nor is it restricted to non-academics: 31% of papers published in 2001 in three prominent conservation journals focussed on birds and mammals [10]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577.g004. Yes Only journals listed in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) receive an Impact Factor. Content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. Given that funding and time are limited, biodiversity research should be focussed on certain taxa for scientifically justified reasons, rather than because of an underlying subjectivity in what we consider to be important. All rights reserved. Diffusion. The use of modern media may ease access to specimens digitally, and help to put researchers and taxonomic experts in touch. Is the Subject Area "Biodiversity" applicable to this article? Specifically, we first investigate whether reported taxonomic biases (towards vertebrates, and towards birds and mammals especially) pervade papers on biodiversity and whether this weighting has changed over time. However, clearly this is not the case in terms of ecosystem function or conservation priority. This Journal is the 4470 th out of 9,726 Life Sciences journals. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577.g005. Copyrights and related rights for article metadata waived via CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0) Public Domain Dedication. However, the number of published studies is heavily weighted towards certain taxa, perhaps influencing conservation awareness of and funding for less-popular groups. J. Biodivers. This result corroborates earlier findings [10,1416], and extends the phenomenon to all biodiversity research rather than just that of selected journals. Most popular services . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577.g007. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation is a journal indexed in SJR in Animal Science and Zoology and Nature and Landscape Conservation with an H index of 34. Through this web page, researchers can check the impact factor, total citation, journal quartile, and journal aim & scope. A similar study analysed the research in three prominent conservation journals [10], finding once again a weighting in favour of vertebrates, as well as towards pristine landscapes and single species, rather than communities. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation publishes original research articles in the areas of Animal Ecology and Conservation Ecology. However, since arachnids and insects are so speciose, the deficiency of research in these groups is perhaps most significant to understanding global biodiversity. As reported in above mentioned article, biodiversity can be defined as an array of different plants and animals living in the same environment or habitat and together results in the formation of a an ecology. To be eligible for inclusion, papers title must have contained the word biodiversity, and also had to be a primary research article, in order to exclude review papers and other publication types such as books (which might have led to double-counting of studies). In the UK, children asked to draw their ideal rainforest over-represented mammals, reptiles and birds, and under-represented insects and annelids [9]. Software, This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data curation, PLoS ONE 12(12): Several previous studies have examined these taxonomic biases in journal articles. This method may be cruder and return more irrelevant results than the careful examination of selected journals, but enabled us to easily generate a large sample size, and sample across a broad range of journals and disciplines over many years to obtain a comprehensive selection of biodiversity research. Yes No, Is the Subject Area "Invertebrates" applicable to this article? Secondly, we investigate whether any bias differs between temperate and tropical regions. The Journal Impact Factor is defined as citations to the journal in the JCR year to items published in the previous two years, divided by the total number of scholarly items, also known as citable items, (these comprise articles and reviews) published in the journal in the previous two years. 4. Vertebrate studies were classified into one or more of five major vertebrate groups (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fishes). JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 16. Learn more about DOAJs privacy policy. Specifically, most papers that studied vertebrates did not specify the study taxon/taxa in the title, and instead referred to biodiversity more generally. In 2021, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation publsihed 28 articles. This journal began publishing in open access in 2001. Due to the high proportion of species remaining to be described, particularly among the invertebrates, this figure is likely to be conservative. There are no publication fees (article processing charges or APCs) to publish with this journal. Formal analysis, Temperate countries tend to have more biodiversity research than tropical countries for a given number of threatened species or a given species richness. Correspondingly, five major invertebrate groups were chosen because of their high species richness and because they are relatively well studied (Insects, Arachnids, Nematodes, Annelids, and Molluscs). Compared to the proportions of described species, we identified a considerable taxonomic weighting towards vertebrates and an under-representation of invertebrates (particularly arachnids and insects) in the published literature. This could be achieved through more targeted funding for these invertebrate groups (and under-represented countries). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation published with a Semi-annual frequency. Yes Estimates for global species richness typically fall in the range of 3 million to 100 million species [5] although a working figure between 5 and 15 million is often suggested [6]. The distribution of biodiversity research and its authors countries of origin resemble the distribution of GDP, rather than that of actual biodiversity or numbers of threatened species. Alternatively, it could represent the increased challenges of working with more diverse taxa, particularly in terms species identification. Furthermore, mammal and bird studies had more narrowly framed introductions and mentioned the study organisms sooner than in studies on fishes, reptiles or amphibians. Another challenge is to ease the practical issues of identification and research on these taxa [33]. Language: English; ISSN: 2141-243X; DOI: 10.5897/IJBC; Start Year: 2009; . Look up their open access statement and their license terms. Investigation, SCI-indexed journals are indexed by SCI and SSCI. No, Is the Subject Area "Taxonomy" applicable to this article? Learn more about their copyright policy. We therefore do not discriminate by journal (hence nor by impact factor), aiming to obtain a more holistic and longer-term view of taxonomic biases in global biodiversity research. Visualization, Tropical countries tend to have fewer biodiversity studies despite being where more biodiversity is found and where biodiversity is most threatened. Look up the journal's: Aims & scope Instructions for authors Dividing the number of animal species threatened with extinction [19] by the number of biodiversity studies reveals regions that are understudied given their number of threatened species. In this study we chose to focus on biases in animal biodiversity research, although we acknowledge that biases may also exist and be important across other taxonomic groups. on authors' or reviewers' choices, multiple answers should be selected, which explains why some journals . Since 1988, when the word was first used in a publication [1], the idea of biodiversity has become integrated into both popular and scientific culture. In addition, we chose to investigate geographical biases, to assess whether biodiversity research is skewed towards certain regions and whether taxonomic biases are stronger in certain parts of the world. Impact factor data has a strong influence on the scientific community, affecting decisions on where to publish, whom to promote or hire, the success of grant applications, and even salary bonuses. In contrast, insects make up at least 70% of animal species [20] yet were studied in less than a quarter (23%) of papers. ADD TO MY LIST A new . Instead we will only show the profile of the journals' presence in the sources analysed by MIAR: under the label 'Diffusion' the number of presences will be indicated according to the four categories of sources used. Indexed in the following public directories, 389 articles received 908 citationssee all. Get access to Animal Biodiversity and Conservation details, facts, key metrics, recently published papers, top authors, submission guidelines all at one place. 1 global ecology and conservation nld 76% similarity 2 biodiversity and conservation nld 73% similarity 3 animal conservation usa 71% similarity 4 biological conservation nld 71% similarity 5 european journal of wildlife research deu 70% similarity 6 journal for nature conservation deu 69% similarity 7 european journal of ecology usa 68% Of the top 25% most cited papers in the sample, only 47% included invertebrates, compared with 57% of the entire sample. Invertebrate taxa were either slightly over-represented (annelids, molluscs, nematodes and other invertebrates) or under-represented (insects and arachnids). How Influential is Animal Biodiversity and Conservation? Moreover, systematic quantification of the number of papers studying biodiversity shows a marked increase over the last two decades (Fig 1). Certain counties had a higher number of threatened species relative to the biodiversity research effort (given by dividing the number of IUCN listed threatened species [19] by the number of research publications on biodiversity (Fig 8). The number of authors (a) and lead authors (b) from each country relative to the countrys population. Darker colours represent a higher number of listed threatened species per study. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. Only by doing so can we ensure that biodiversity research yields results that are relevant and applicable to all regions and that the information necessary for the conservation of threatened species is available to conservation practitioners. The proportion of different taxonomic groups in the sample of papers with biodiversity in the title is shown for 4 five-year periods since 1996. A survey of papers on vertebrates from nine high-impact journals reported a bias towards mammals and birds [14]. To do this, we used the search engine Web of Science to systematically sample a subset of the published literature with biodiversity in the title. Vertebrate-biased research may also appeal to the media who are catering for a vertebrate-preferring public audience [9]. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation - DOAJ Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 1578-665X (Print) / 2014-928X (Online) Website ISSN Portal About Articles Publishing with this journal There are no publication fees ( article processing charges or APCs) to publish with this journal. Taxonomic bias is not necessarily bad. Journal/Conference Details Animal Biodiversity and Conservation Essential Science Indicators Field Environment and Ecology Visit Website Published by Scientific Publications of the Natural History Museum of Barcelona Does not allow reviews to be publicly displayed Only allows reviewers to display the journal they reviewed for Conceptualization, the biodiversity varies from type to type such as Marine biodiversity, Genetic Biodiversity, Terrestial Biodiversity among many others . Biodiversity research is also biased geographically: studies are more frequently carried out in developed countries with larger economies, and for a given level of species or threatened species, tropical countries were understudied relative to temperate countries. Few studies have systematically quantified these biases, although information on this topic is important for informing future research and conservation priorities. Maps were created using QGIS (version 2.12.1) to visualise differences in research effort across countries worldwide. We offer making basic requirements to academic papers compliance test using . Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Nominal GDP in US$ is plotted against the number of biodiversity studies sampled from each country, revealing a positive relationship. Methodology, Arthropods, and especially insects, account for most known eukaryote species: of the 1.22 million described species, approximately 925,000 are insects [7,8]. Copyright: 2017 Titley et al. Funding acquisition, In addition, the taxonomic bias was greater in highly cited papers. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189577, Editor: Bernd Schierwater, Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover, GERMANY, Received: February 5, 2017; Accepted: November 29, 2017; Published: December 14, 2017. The most commonly used meaning is diversity at the species level, although despite being an intuitive concept, in practice definitions of what constitutes a species, and estimates of Earths species richness, remain uncertain and variable. This Journal is the 5901 st out of 12,155 Physical Sciences journals. Writing original draft, Mammals, which make up around 0.4% of known animal species [20], were studied in approximately 12% of papers with biodiversity in the title. Added 22 February 2005 Methodology, Academic Journals Database contains complete bibliographic citations, precise indexing, and informative abstracts for papers from a wide range of periodicals. This journal uses The number of authors from a country was strongly related to wealth of that country as approximated by nominal GDP (Poisson regression, z = 69.91, N = 232, P < 0.0001). Based on 2020, SJR is 0.391. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 3.0.2) [18]. A few or all of these hypotheses may play a role in producing the biases reported in this study. These results have implications for awareness of the natural world in the scientific community, particularly as this taxonomic bias was greater in the top quartile of most-cited papers, suggesting that the research with the highest impact and largest influence is even less representative of the real world in this regard. DOAJ 2022 default by all rights reserved unless otherwise specified. The equivalent numbers for birds are 0.7% and 13%. We also mapped the number of authors relative to each countrys human population. An international journal devoted to the study and conservation of animal biodiversity, open-access, free for authors, driven by a fast-paced editorial process that includes assessment by experts. 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