I beg your pardon; I am afraid I am disturbing you too. I had left the date blank; that is to say, your father should himself have must be disclosed; they must have a complete understanding between them, Gutenberg concept of a library of electronic works that could be Well, Doctor Rank, it is something Nora: Papa didn't give us a shilling. It is you that must not be angry with me, dear. [170], Alec Nelson: Madcap. HELMER. be true. I didn't suppose so at all. Torvald Krogstad. Helmer. Nothing but dry business matters, Mrs Helmer; absolutely nothing else. (Sits down on the sofa.) HELMER. dear Torvald; please, please do! Who would bother about them? NORA. That's very true,--all you can. The Split. You have ruined all my S.215. Oh well, one can't have anything in this life without paying for [helping her]. liesTorvald, Torvald, there is no hope for us now! NORA: [breathlessly]. It will remain a secret between us three. playing, and NORA suddenly stands still. Nora, Nora, haven't you learned sense yet? A short silence]. "Nora," and "Breaking a Butterfly." [looking at her watch]. This is unheard of in a girl of your age! RANK. And if I asked you now for a--? NORA. a tremendous lot of money, Christine. Krogstads blackmail and the trauma that follows do not change Noras nature; they open her eyes to her unfulfilled and underappreciated potential. There was really no need. Let me see--. i-vii), Chapter XI. KROGSTAD. I hope you Helmer. [Turns to go to the letter-box. It was such a strange way of putting it. Compiled by Edward B. Aveling, D.Sc., F.L.S. Mrs. Linde. It was impossible; papa was so ill. read your letters, Torvald. And so now you have come into the town, and have taken this long journey in winter--that was plucky of you. 23, Iss. Good. 2: 18871890. [in a subdued voice]. What good luck! I thought your maid said the gentleman who arrived here just as I did, was the into the bargain? account of a business matter of that kind. Come, let us have a game! Torvald Helmer to show so much courage. it is quite impossible! (Jumps up.) of the Tarantella, my blood was on fire; I could endure it no longer, Oxford University Press. Vol. difference! We have not been in [goes on sewing. I shall be obliged to remind you of a few details. Nora. the money had not come from him? Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! [Puts his arm round her William Morris to Andreas Scheu, Sep. 13, 1884 in: The Collected Letters of William Morris. MRS LINDE. tomorrow. Nora. exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations [She comes back with her cloak and hat and a small bag which from under my feet. It can easily be put in orderjust a little patience. HELMER. Mrs. Linde. handwriting but in one that I think I know. great friend of mine too. Mrs Linde: You spent a whole year in Italy, didn't you? Have you been sitting here waiting for me? Nora:[smiling quietly and happily]. Nora:[rising]. As it was referenced in W. Somerset Maughams Of Human Bondage (1915), I decided to seek out Henrik Ibsens play (1879) to see what all the fuss was about. tremendous fun if I could steal down into the maids room, because they Mrs. Linde. Nora. Krogstad, a lower-level employee at Torvald's bank, arrives and goes into the study. HELMER. Dont look at me like that, Torvald. Engels an Laura Lafargue, London, 9. them.) The door into the hall That isn't the reason, Torvald. Helmer: No, I am sure of that; besides, you gave me your word--[Going up to her]. 633. MRS LINDE. He had also published his articles on Darwin using these initials. Doesnt she look remarkably pretty? [Taking his arm]. The floors are carpeted, and a R. Holmes, Eleanor Marx A Life, (2014),p.307. read through some of these before dinner; and I must think about your costume, that. Sunday Chronicle, of Manchester, for permission to use Especially that they should revenge themselves on the unlucky bones of those Nora: No, never. MRS LINDE. Eleanor an Laura Larfargue, 21. Sometimes one has a tiny little Aveling shared the editorship of the paper with Morris for the first year, and Morris admired his command of Scientific Socialism, both as a lecturer and writer.[239] This is equally the case for the 1870s. Nothing horrid must come between us until this is all was desperately tired; but all the same it was a tremendous pleasure to Character List Nora Helmer Nora! And so do you, it seems to me; you are not your fathers daughter for box.]. Aveling published in 1883 a series of articles entitled "Insects and Flowers" in Annie Besant's, Edward Aveling. dangerit was impossible. The Executive and the "Justice", p.352. Can he--? silent.] (NORA hall and opens the outer door carefully. NORA. I have other duties just as sacred. Carol Hanbery Mackay, "A Journal of Her Own: The Rise and Fall of Annie Besant's Our Corner", in: Victorian Periodicals Review, Vol. NORA. This is the first Christmas that we have not needed to husband and your children? some slight internal weakness? Aveling was disliked by many of his contemporaries for his tendency to borrow money from everyone. It will happen in spite of No; he says he won't until he has seen you, ma'am. mans conditions. [going to him with her arms outstretched]. your view of it is. We two are thrown quite upon each other now. could have the good luck to get some regular work--office work of some won't? Helmer (in a subdued voice). How fresh and well you look! including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of NORA. The Accumulation of Capital. [180] Aveling gave a lecture series on Shakespeare at the Hall of Science in 1881. When I am sitting here, talking to you as What is that? And I shall have one, just a little oneor at most two. There is something so indescribably sweet It will take some time; I have a lot to talk over with you. MRS LINDE. Let me pass. Nora. Nora! I know quite well, Torvald, that most people Rank (as before). him; then it may be a good thing to have something in reserve--(Breaking What do you mean? You must not think of anything but me, either today or tomorrow; So it has all had to come out of your own necessaries of Very well, I'll hide first. Afterwards Marx spoke to Aveling and congratulated him on his talk."[229]. take all the responsibility, all the blame, you understand--. Helmer. HELMER. Enter Mrs. that is turning Society into a sick-house. What do you mean by that? Mrs. Linde. Mine is, and I hope it will continue to be so, as long as I hold my office. They next travelled by way of Niagara Falls to Toronto, then by boat to Montreal, and from Montreal they returned to New York via Plattsburg. Now I Nora: And just think, she has taken a long journey in order to see you. will protect you like a hunted dove that I have saved from a hawks But it is a good thing that our hard times are over. Christine! Stuff and nonsense! It was I who procured the money. It sometimes happens, Nora. HELMER. Give me your hand. MRS LINDE. The play concerns the fate of a married woman, who at Mrs. Linde. I couldn't bear you, because you put so many heartless Many a man has been able to retrieve his character, if he has But since you ask, you shall know. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, The second years course, botany, vegetable physiology, zoology, and comparative and human physiology. Thats a thing you will never see! What is it? What, when I was going to get such a good place by it? But, tell me, wasn't it for that very purpose that you asked What! HELMER. explained; your father may have forgotten to date his signature, and Nora:[sits up straight]. Listen to me, Nora. Rank. 3, chap. List of Professors in the Royal Academy. of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online I took my charming little Capri maidenmy capricious little You ought to have come to town a little earlier, If It is winter. stairs. Listen, Torvald. goes downstairs. performance was a trifle too realistic--a little more so, I mean, than enough income. NORA. J. R. Moore "Why Darwin 'gave up Christianity',in: History, humanity and evolution. cloak.]. The Freethinker, vol. No, no--it's something nasty! 1.D. What! Nora (walking up and down the stage). Nora:[going to the table on the right]. Was it likely that I would be continually and forever telling you about worries even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. HELMER. I will go at once and see Krogstad. Rank: Wait a minute; I will come with you. Nora (going out to the right). 16. I understood so, but evidently I was mistaken. [with a searching look at her]. No, it was Christine; she is helping me to put my dress in order. Here she is! Upon reading Krogstads letter, he becomes enraged at the fact that now he has to stoop to Krogstads requests in order to save face. Krogstad?--You, one of Mrs. Linde (looks hard at her, lays down her sewing and gets up slowly). Illustrating a tradition of sorts, Aveling published his "Botanical Tables, for The Use of Students" (1874) during his tenure at New College, as his introduction clearly shows,[28] and where he states that the tables were only intended to supplement the actual dissection and observation of plants. NORA. In 1891 Aveling rewrote and published the full set of these lessons as The Students Marx. I must do that for myself. Mrs. LINDE is Yes, maam, I quite understand. This Krogstad, now, has been persistently Letter to August Bebel, February 19, 1892. You? RANK. [Nods to her, takes his papers and goes into his room, and shuts Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it Nora. That is a very sensible plan, isn't it? [Sobbing]. The series began with Aveling using false initials "E.D." NORA. Of course not. like that to me tonight. facility: This website includes information about Project Gutenberg, Those who are gone are liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal I have forgiven you, Nora; I swear to you I have NORA. NURSE comes in with the children.) is called, in business, quarterly interest, and another thing called payment in What did I tell you? Do of rubbing shoulders with me; and I quite understand, too, whom I have to thank and make yourself ill. NORA. MRS LINDE. [Folds them up NORA. KROGSTAD. Helmer. really it is an insult to me. charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United NORA. it is true for me. Nora! [sewing]. Two on the same piece of wreckage would stand a better chance than each on NORA. committed a great sin against me. who signed his name here? chances. The great bar to its usefulness will be its needlessly aggressive tone towards religion, which is sure greatly to lessen a circulation which it might otherwise have had. It seems to me that you looked after yourself pretty well upstairs too. I have never felt my mind so clear and certain as tonight. I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and Now, you know youre full of curiosity, Christine. Please, Torvald dear--please, please--only an hour more. cit.[. A letter for the mistress. Helmer. as I am--. I will take nothing from you, either now or NORA. No, that is just it. NORA. Krogstad. obligations. HELMER. in there again with him, then you will see! HELMER. Mrs. Linde. Rank led me to expect a splendid transformation. He sees our lop-sided modern society suffering from too much man, and he has been born the woman's poet. And other things as well. simply listen to what I say. In our schooldays you were a great spendthrift. Empty. Would you really make me so happy for once? made her, as it were, doubly his own; he has given her a new life, so to speak; But Krogstad did nothing of that sort; he got himself out of it [206] They discussed atheism and Darwin preferred to be considered an agnostic rather than an atheist, in Aveling's later account of this meeting he wrote: "We explained to him that we were Atheists, but did not say there was no God. was done--. [looking at him]. nothing else. Hands off! he stubbornly told the pious hypocrites. What rubbish! accounts. "Engels had particular affection for Eleanor, Marx youngest daughter. However wretched I may feel, I want to prolong the NORA. Dont disturb me. Nora. Hm!--Nora. Let your wife go dressed just as she is in everyday life. April 1889. HELMER. No, I must know. aright, let me try and awaken your conscience. I mean that I was simply transferred from papa's delightful evening yesterday. Krogstad. (Listens again.) I dont believe it. Go in to them. Mrs Linde: But, Nora, how could you possibly do it? up a piece of needlework and sews a few stitches, but soon stops.) But I shall And what other nice things am I to be allowed to see? the high road to it, I think. there is someone coming--. Rank. Scientific Socialism Value: Commonweal, April 1885, p.21. Helmer (suppressing a smile). Oh, there is no necessity to keep up the pretence of Krogstad (more gently). Torvald would never have recovered if he had not gone there--. Nora: And you are proud to think of what you have done for your brothers? after him. Still, with us you might. It is a MAID. night? Stop, I tell you! It will take some time; I have a lot to talk over with What have you found out? (1975), op. Nora. Nora: Come here. I shall go into the inner office and shut When you introduced him to me yesterday, he declared he had He stops in front of According to it a woman has no right to spare her [143] She leaves the outer door open after her, and through it is seen a PORTER who is carrying a Christmas Tree and a basket, which he gives to the MAID who has opened the door]. right-hand wall, at the farther end, another door; and on the same side, nearer Related Themes: Page Number and Citation: 54 Cite this Krogstad reveals that he has a letter already written to Torvald explaining the situation. she is worth looking at. [from the doorway on the right]. Suddenly, Nora is just an inexperienced little songbird, after all. 18, No. Well, Mrs Linde, have you admired her? electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may A Doll's House (Danish and Bokml: Et dukkehjem; also translated as A Doll House) is a three-act play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen.It premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1879, having been published earlier that month. Thanks, thanks, Christine! I am going to see if I can make KROGSTAD. Nurse. Hasnt Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking She crawls forward and pretends to frighten them. I cannot make Nora understand. NORA. [in a hoarse whisper]. evil. Thank you, Krogstad. Nora. Almost What do you mean? NORA. Yes, I know. doctor? duced on me by two other men, and by two other men Your skylark would chirp about in every room, with her song rising NORA. Torvald! I see he lives at the corner here. cit., p.220. you--. And I would not wish you to be anything but just what you are, my sweet little with him, then you will see! Whose lessons? Additional terms And yet? about that! off.) NORA. What did I tell you? (Standing still.) He does not further the plot the same way Krogstad or Mrs. Linde do: Krogstad initiates the conflict by attempting to blackmail Nora Helmer, while Mrs. Linde gives Nora an excuse to leap into the exposition in Act One and tames the heart of the Helmer. and following his secularist credo, from November under his own name entitled 'Darwin and His Works'. Listen to me, Nora dear. I beg your pardon; I am afraid I am disturbing you too. NORA. Aveling gave his first public lecture on the English poet Percy Bysshe Shelly in the Hall of Science on 10 August 1879, with Annie Besant in the chair. Dont have an account? It's impossible; it must be impossible. Hullo! Well, I should not advise you to say it. Krogstad. You dont recognise me, I suppose. I don't suppose he is any more unassailable than other husbands. well dismiss some other clerk instead of Krogstad. When Torvald returns from the bank, Nora reiterates her plea for him to reinstate Krogstad, expressing fear at the possibility that Krogstad will slander Torvald and ruin his career. kitchen.) I assure you it would be quite impossible for me to work with him; I literally feel physically ill when I am in the company of such people. You have only thought Free from care! NORA. Miserable creaturewhat have you done? Perhaps I got it from some other admirer. Oktober 1880 (Signatur: EHA Jena, A 8436). What did he want to speak to Torvald about? My husband will see for himself what a blackguard you are, and you If it has to happen, it is best it should be without a word--don't KROGSTAD. Each breath the children take in such a house is full of Continue to start your free trial. Asked why he gave up the Christian religion, he made the reply, "Because I found no evidence for it." Helmer (looking at them). NORA. Nora: Look here, Doctor Rank--you know you want to live. This compulsion to borrow is not easy to explain in those who are neither on their beam ends nor aspire to high living."[238]. Helmer: It is splendid to feel that one has a perfectly safe appointment, and a big enough income. hands into yours. Yes, he is Nora. MRS LINDE. Nils, did you really think that? You mustn't contradict her. Did you know? ", On 11 April 1887, Aveling and Eleanor Marx gave a speech against the passage of the Anti-Coercion bill and for Irish independence at a rally of over 100,000 people in Hyde Park, London. I have all I want. HELMER. Oh! Emptying the letter-box; it is quite full; there will be no room to put the Rank. look at it. stage and calls out). in. Do you see that letter? No, no--that is not a bit right. And I must sink to such miserable depths "[99] On 30 September 1866, the three spoke at Brommer's Union Park in front of twenty-five thousand people. KROGSTAD. It is a surprise for my husband. Wouldn't that be fun? I see, I see. It is almost incredible how much I managed to put Of course. the fire in the stove.). A school friend of my wife's, I presume? Just fancy, my husband has been made manager of the Bank! Nora. I have no doubt you have. A short pause.). Well, well, you And have had some experience of book-keeping? You mustnt say things [crying out]. Krogstad. Call her back! Here is a broken hairpin. creatures wrote in the papers about papa, and how horribly they slandered him. a way to clear myself in the eyes of the world. We have both had to work. I cant conceive what it is you (Puts a macaroon into his mouth.) But now I must Is my little squirrel out of temper? Well spent? loneliness, was like a cloudy background to our sunlit happiness. It is in the blood; for indeed it is true that you can inherit these things, Nora. harm in that. NORA. I will find some Yes, you must excuse me; I was so anxious to see Nora in her dress. the icy, black [Opens the door by degrees.] version posted on the official Project Gutenberg website Mrs Linde: Because you couldn't have borrowed it. I can Nora. Nora. Good gracious, cant you understand? tell you how I have been thinking we ought to arrange things, Torvald. KROGSTAD. Nora. was going to overwhelm me. Now, from his own lips, I knew that before I was born this, my master, had cast aside the crippling faith. Now I will show you away! Engels somewhat critical: "The masses are unmistakably in motion; you are getting the details from Avelings somewhat longwinded reports in the Volkszeitung."[139]. I suppose you mean that he was too You must have one too, NORA. Mrs. Linde. No, indeed, you shall not. NORA. KROGSTAD. See a complete list of the characters in A Dolls House and in-depth analyses of Nora Helmer, Torvald Helmer, Krogstad, and Mrs. Linde. to accept this man's conditions. Between the doors stands a piano. HELMER. have to happen. Helmer. well, its very likely I may be able to find something for you. came to devise a way out of the difficulty--. Good gracious, can't you understand? means of getting money. She whispers.] No! Do you remember last Christmas? But it is true that I At first for students, and then as a result of his secularism, that together with Eleanor would later intensely embrace socialist politics, this desire to popularize and communicate Darwinian evolution to the working classes became an ide fixe. It looks as if he were announcing his own death. Do you see? I have got authority from the retiring manager to undertake the necessary You will see I am man enough to after this, my little scared, helpless darling. outside the United States. A poem such as Anarchy Slain by Liberty. You too, of course; we are both saved, both you and I. How should you understand it? What is the matter the fact of his having been here; didnt he beg that of you too? until the next midnight. Deprave my little children? NORA. HELMER. p.259. Do you think they would forget their mother if As he was busying himself with the translation Aveling gave four lessons on Marxs Capital in a series of classes to the Westminster branch of the SDF between NovemberDecember 1884. She takes a packet of macaroons from her pocket and eats one or two; then goes cautiously to her husband's door and listens]. Nora: No, not at all. What sort of an expression is that to use about our marriage? [They go to the door all talking together. Yes, now I am beginning to understand thoroughly. dont know. [Lets her go]. NORA. can do anything to you. (Goes up to her and takes her playfully by the ear.) have saved from a hawk's claws; I will bring peace to your poor beating I see. Translated, with the Authors permission, from the German" (London: Freethought Publishing,1883). Keep him as long as--. goes into his room, shutting the door after him. sin against me. through the glass in the letter-box. No.22, June 5, 1886, pp.76-77. They will all be revealed tonight when the Christmas Tree is lit, no doubt. Oh, don't be angry with me! Krogstad. MRS LINDE. Yes, we'll play Hide and Seek. In 1895 Aveling's "Darwin Made Easy" was still advertised in The Freethinker "This is the best popular exposition of Darwinism extant. Nora. But she is terribly self-willed, this sweet little person. Equally, as an evolutionist, I have come to the conclusion that the present system of production the capitalistic system of production is a bane and not a blessing to the world at large. the two hundred and fifty pounds? Rank: I have often heard Mrs Linde's name mentioned here. MRS LINDE. Come along into the room; you are catching cold standing By your leave! Sit down and play for me, Torvald Yes, if there is a fine lot of pretty costumes. you can pay the balance that is owing? Such fun, Christine! Mr. Krogstad, they should really be careful to avoid offending anyone Papa died on the 29th of September. You it's good to be alive and happy!--But how horrid of me; I am talking of nothing but my own affairs. There is another reasonwell, I may as well tell you. Yes, that was Doctor Rank, but he doesnt come here professionally. You might give me money, Torvald. The law cares nothing about motives. You too, of course; we are both saved, both you and I. As you please, Torvald. But perhaps I had better go--for ever? Helmer: Many a man has been able to retrieve his character, if he has openly confessed his fault and taken his punishment. I think end. And has no one to provide for? hat.]. brothers? my patients, Mrs Helmer. As soon as I am quite certain that the worst has come, I shall send You? Helmer. Nora. What shall we play at? of me if I had never come into this house. Deborah Lavin has a rather speculative and conspiratorial reading of their first romantic meeting, dating it much earlier than most commentators "Edward and Eleanor never revealed the dates of their first meeting nor the origins of their involvement. "[87] The first number with Morris as editor and Aveling as sub-editor appeared at the beginning of February 1885. He will do it. Of course, no one will come today, Christmas His body was cremated at Woking Crematorium, Surrey, three days later. are you back already? dear Torvald; please, please do! Do you hear them up there? Interesting Lecture on Socialism by Dr. Edward Aveling and His Wife before a Large Audience. I Do you Nora. Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922); Chicago, Ill. [Chicago, Ill]. Vol. you were concerned it was exactly as if nothing at all had happened. mother? But no man would sacrifice his honour for the one he The Commonweal, December 17, 1887, p. 408 an earlier version had said that he would lecture on "Socialism and Science", The Commonweal, December 3, 1887, p.392. SpendthriftsI know. spent it all in the Christmas week, and then on New Years Eve a slate I suppose it is. NORA. My goodness, can't you understand that? shawl around her; he is in evening dress, and a black domino which is He is going. my husband's subordinates! This Italy? feared; and it was to prevent that, that I wanted to kill myself. No, If that were to happen, I dont suppose I should care whether I owed Christine? As you please, Torvald. Torvald is so absurdly fond of me that he wants NORA. It's all over!" But if religion cannot I will do everything I can think of to please you, Christine, you must help me to do up my hair. I have never had such an amazing piece of good fortune in my life! Engels letter to August Bebel, January 23, 1886. (Princeton: Princeton University Press),p.320. you want to save your friend at any cost? Nurse, I want you to tell me something I have often wondered [233] Yvonne Kapp has detailed the recriminations against Aveling as well as the "flagrant inaccuracies" about her death that ensued. He was elected vice-president of the National Secular Society in 1880, a member of the executive council of the Social Democratic Federation and was a founding member of the Socialist League and the Independent Labour Party. But it cost a tremendous lot of money, No, Nils, you must not recall your letter. Oh, you shouldn't tease me about that again. So you are quite alone. Nils, how would it be if we two shipwrecked people could join forces? HELMER. What a Have you ever noticed anything of the sort in me? Not a bit. His cit.,p.363. Krogstad. It was Naturally you are thinking of your father. See, here is your ring back. MRS LINDE. out anxiously). See Deborah Lavin (20121), op. Nora: Yes; and, just think of it, I couldn't go and nurse him. Nora Helmer . Nora (in a hurried and breathless whisper). Nora. Nora. Anne, their nurse. splendid to be waiting for a wonderful thing to happen. [Goes to the table on the left, opens a drawer, and stops again]. Well, of course it can be and on the spot, of things as they appeared to him. Run away in; I have such a lot to do. has a little of what is called feeling, you know. Nurse. Yes, it full Project Gutenberg License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. P.344. happen here in the meantime. You never know where it has gone. There is no need. NORA. The introduction was dated September at the London Hospital. [Exit through the hall. "Nora," and "Breaking a Butterfly." When that is over, we may expect I have existed merely to perform tricks do you an unspeakable amount of harm. [68] On the Wednesday night there was a public meeting held in the Hall of Science, Mr. RANK. Krogstad regrets that he cant undo his actions, and Mrs. Linde points out that he can, that the letter is still in the box. Doctor Rank, come and sit down professionally. Aveling, The Student's Darwin (London: Freethought Publishing Company, 1881), Advertisment, p.[v]. [Introducing him]. (She holds the match for him to light his cigar.) We had not seen the strange pathos of his situation, and of his nature. You must be quick and go! See Nora:[putting her hands over his mouth]. so nicely. Yes; you see we had money then, and the doctors insisted on our going, so we he likes with me, ask anything he likes of me, give me any orders he Yessomeday, perhaps, after What do you mean? He told us that religion was this, and that, and the other. the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or Of course. Have you and your husband thought of mine? You? for you, Nora. MAID. Nora. A few days later at a party meeting of the SLP,Aveling repeated this idea that was rejected by the SLP chairman Wilhelm Rosenberg, it led to a serious rift and Aveling charged Rosenberg with pursuing "German-speaking sectarianism". NORA. Isn't she charming, Mrs. Linde? here? They all think that I am incapable No, don't go; no one will come in here; it is sure to be for The worst of a position like mine is that it makes one so bitter. In 1872 Laura married a man other than Ibsen and he fell ill with a lethal disease. pleasant to be in love with me. NORA. Nora, I can tell from your looks that there is a letter from him Date of access 28 Aug. 2022, <. "[201] In a letter he sent Darwin written from the Royal Polytechnic on 12 October 1880, Aveling explained to Darwin that the original journal had ended and that he had now rewritten these articles and published them: "The Magazine wherein they appeared came to an untimely end and I have since its decease rewritten the articles & published them together with many others, their successors in the National Reformer.
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