endobj Hawthornes lottery puzzle and the nature of belief. Browse Dictionary a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z -# 2017 Sep;41(3):382-406. doi: 10.1007/s11013-017-9521-3. J Midwifery Womens Health. Externalism in the philosophy of mind has been thought by many to pose a serious threat to the claim that subjects are in general authoritative with regard to certain of their own intentional . The paper was substantially improved by the comments of two anonymous referees. 325363). The Philosophical Review, 115, 449485. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Announcing our new Editor in Chief and AssociateEditor, AAA 2017 Session Highlight: Jonathan Metzl, Negroes With Guns: Mental Illness, Gun Violence, and the Racial Politics ofFirearms, SPA Interview with Dr. Greg Downey and Dr. DanielLende. Thus, the foundation of true knowledge for the rationalists is that it originates . (2017). Ghana is in the midst of scaling up a successful telemedicine pilot project into a national telemedicine program through Ghana Health Services. Philosophy. ), Intentions in communication (pp. ), Anthropology and Primary Health Care pp. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine %PDF-1.7 The university also provides 60% . 1996 Apr;29(4):329-37 The travesty of choosing after positive prenatal diagnosis. Arbitrary reference. Recognize if a person has feelings like cold, heat, illness, discomfort. Studying knowledge is one of those perennial topicslike the nature of matter in the hard sciencesthat philosophy has been refining since before the time of Plato. A recent report from the World Health Organization (2016) states that universal health coverage cannot be achieved without this form of e-health. More recently, it has received significant attention in philosophy of language (see n5 below). (2019). volume87,pages 24752502 (2022)Cite this article. 17 0 obj Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 8889). See O'Brien (2007) and Setiya (2007, 2008, 2009), and Pieros Glasscock (2020) for arguments in favour of non-inferentialism. Alston, W. P. (1983). <> Pieros Glasscock, J.S. endobj 2005 May-Jun;34(3):307-18. doi: 10.1177/0884217505276291. A virtue epistemology: Apt belief and reflective knowledge (Vol. 8600 Rockville Pike His main research area is epistemology, and he has published widely in this field. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 94, 121143. "Authoritative" refers to the characteristic of being believable, and grounded in research, knowledge and fact. 15 0 obj I draw from several areas of anthropological theory when examining the impacts of telemedicine in Ghana, specifically the anthropology of reproduction since my dissertation research focuses on obstetric care. not been performed; this is the essence of exercised authority. Accomodation, meaning, and implicature: Interdisciplinary foundations for pragmatics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Here and throughout the paper I shall assume the standard positionwhich I take to be correctthat we can have direct perceptual knowledge of ordinary material objects and the like (such as that a timer is going off). Universal health coverage, as well as comprehensive primary health care, has been an overarching goal of the international health and global health community since the Alma Ata conference in 1978, but these goals are very difficult to achieve. There are some complications about the nature of the acts in question and the difference between knowledge of ongoing and future action that, though important for Pauls account of agential knowledge, are irrelevant for the application to authoritative knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Consider the case of someone directing the placement of certain plants in a garden, and knowing, say, where the roses are on this basis. The concept of authoritative knowledge is particularly useful in this case. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 19 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> Basil Blackwell: Oxford. Aristotle. checking that matters are going as they should), or keep track of the world without the help of our practical systems (moving around an object to better determine its nature as revealed by sight). <> According to the reading by Lebow (June, 2008), The Ancient Greeks understood the transformative potential of emotional arguments and concepts. Google Scholar. For example, while a mob has the power to punish a criminal, for example by lynching, people who believe in the rule of law consider that only a court of law has the authority to punish a criminal. fact that authoritative self knowledge is immediate in a way that knowledge of from PHILOSOPHY 654 at University of Nairobi Authoritative knowledge is knowledge that is given more weight than other types of knowledge, or ways of knowing, by collective assessment in a local setting and is displayed in everyday practices (Jordan, 1990; Davis-Floyd & Sargent, 1997; Ivry, 2010). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Studying telemedicine from an anthropological perspective builds on our understanding of how people interact with technology, particularly when seeking healthcare treatments, and how technology can influence a universal human experience, such as pregnancy and childbirth. Slote, M. (1979). Whats wrong with immediate knowledge? Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge offers first-hand ethnographic research conducted by anthropologists in sixteen different societies and cultures and includes the interdisciplinary perspectives of a social psychologist, a sociologist, an epidemiologist, a staff member of the World Health Organization, and a community midwife. 5. stream Geneva. The great philosophers such as Plato or Aristotle, spoke of intuitive knowledge and rescued its importance within the mental and intellectual development of human beings. Davis-Floyd, R., & Sargent, C. F. (1997). Falling out: authoritative knowledge and women's experiences with pelvic organ prolapse. Unger, P. (1975). Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 57, 5577. 16 0 obj Testimony, knowledge, and epistemic goals. Content preservation. According to Michaels, in the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, authority is the capacity, innate or acquired for exercising ascendancy over a group. Empirical knowledge (a posteriori) empirical evidence, also known as sense experience, is the knowledge or source of knowledge acquired by means of the senses, particularly by observation and experimentation. 1998 May;91(5 Pt 1):648-55 Burge, T. (1993). Knowing what things look like. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Typically, community health nurses are younger and not from the village in which they are assigned to work. He is an authoritative [= reliable, accurate] source for information about Islamic art. Understanding practical knowledge. I thank the participants for discussion and comments, especially David Bakhurst, Jeremy Butler, and Chirstine Sypnowhich. While there is a vast body of literature on the philosophy of science (Kuhn, 1962), the work . In J. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) focused on elements of the philosophy of religion for about half a centuryfrom the mid-1750s, when he started teaching philosophy, until after his retirement from academia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Testing women, testing the fetus: The social impact of amniocentesis in America. This alerts us to a different problem: knowledge cannot be warranted by practical reasons (reasons, for instance, to do with desirability or worthwhileness). McKinnon, R. (2013). There are four types of beliefs when considering truth and warrants: 1. warranted true beliefs : This type is called KNOWLEDGE. Welcome to r/askphilosophy. Paul (2012) argues that knowledge of intentions is based on knowledge of decisions. 1998 Apr;46(8):1067-76 Epistemic buck-passing and the interpersonal view of testimony. No need for excuses: Against knowledge-first epistemology and the knowledge norm of assertion. Ivry, T. (2010). ), Papers on language and logic (pp. However, the question is besides the point here. It is sanctioned power, institutionalized power. Epub 2019 May 21. Authoritative sources in religion communicate their direction through commandments and/or expressed approval of behaviour deemed to be acceptable or beneficial, with the expectation that the subject of this didactic process will use wisdom and understanding in their actions of service. Wiki User. He Philosophical knowledge The set of information that a person obtains by reading, analyzing and reasoning written documents. Data that contrasts with human practice and . Erkenn 87, 24752502 (2022). I also thank Jewelle L. Bickell, Maxime Lepoutre, and Christopher M. Cloos for comments, and Allison Pieros Glasscock, Mike Deigan, Jo Demaree-Cotton, Eric Guindon, Mark Maxwell, Daniel Moerner, Jessie Munton, Paul Schilling, Tim Williamson, and Yuan Yuan for discussion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Anscombes intention: A guide. A complicating factor is that one can sometimes establish authority simply by acting as if one had it. The main significant difference is that Alston recognizes two distinct ways in which knowledge might depend on other beliefs: (a) having adequate evidence for the belief in question and (b) the belief in question having been arrived at by inference (p. 75). Oxford: Oxford University Press. In this connection, we may note that Mms and other systems of Hindu philosophy developed a notion of linguistic expression as one of the sources of authoritative knowledge (abdaprama), when other more basic sources of knowledge like sense perception (pratyaka) and inference (anumna) are not available. Syntax; Advanced Search; New. - 194.233.67.17. Sosa, E. (2010). The Philosophical Review, 111, 167203. . Authoritative Knowledge and Its Construction From the book Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge Brigitte Jordan https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520918733-003 Cite this 47 You currently have no access to view or download this content. Wiki User. I am here taking a fairly standard view that belief is a disposition to judge and act on those judgments. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Oxford: Oxford University Press. I am here indebted to Goldberg (2006) and Baker and Clark (2017). 2003;37(2):89-108 This week on the blog we are hosting a guest post by Heather Baily, a Doctoral studentin Anthropology at Case Western Reserve University. While the authoritarian leader uses fear, force or coercion, the authoritative leader attracts followers based on their knowledge, wisdom and experience. The talk will happen at the IASC, located at Watson Manor, 3 University Circle, with a reception to follow. See empiricism. New York: Routledge. Facilitating autonomous, confident and satisfying choices: a mixed-method study of women's choice-making in prenatal screening for common aneuploidies. On my account, the epistemic grounds for authoritative beliefs are exercises of authority rather than the reasons for exercising authority, which may of course be practical. MeSH (1981). Langton, R. (2015). -, Qual Health Res. ), Knowledge first: Approaches in epistemology and mind. Often human truths cannot be expressed using the language of rationality; it seems the artist attempt to address these truths while embracing their own creative process. However, their meanings differ: while power is defined as "the ability to influence somebody to do something that he/she would not have done", authority refers to a claim of legitimacy, the justification and right to exercise that power. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Events and their names. Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. (2010). A doctorate degree in biology, for instance, might give you epistemic authority, insofar as it entitles you to speak and be trusted about certain biological subjects, without conferring any practical authority, such as the authority to command others. Moore, M. S. (2010). . The realm of reason. Practitioners reported decreased maternal mortality since the implementation of this program, as well as an increase in utilization of local clinics and trust in the staff. Tacit Knowledge, Tacit knowledge Though it is a psychological fact that human beings acquire, retain, and employ tacit knowledge, accounts of its nature and function Testimony, TESTIMONY The term testimony in contemporary analytic philosophy is used as label for the spoken or written word, when this purports to pass on the s Knowledge Management, Although knowledge management assumes a . -. New York: Blackwell. The example of the builder seems to me to make it clear that it is also the efficient cause of the thing known. Epistemic authority: A theory of trust, authority, and autonomy in belief. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-020-00313-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-020-00313-5. Harcourt, Inc.. DeRose, K. (2002). Note that this is not meant as a reductive definition. Another way in which one might form a false belief is if one mistakenly uses ones authority. Box 3994, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3994, USA, You can also search for this author in Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Le Petit prince. Department of Philosophy, Georgia State University, P.O. (2019b). Authoritative medicine is the traditional approach to learning and practicing medicine, but no Authoritative knowledge, evidence-based medicine, and behavioral pediatrics J Dev Behav Pediatr. Reasons without rationalism. <> (2016). Schechter, J. The Philosophical Review, 102, 457488. endobj Her research investigates the intersections of new telecommunication technologies used in healthcare and local structures of reproductive knowledge and authority in Ghana. The influence of experiential knowledge and societal perceptions on decision-making regarding non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). (1985a). This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Alientation or regress: On the non-inferential character of agential knowledge. prayer, meditation, service to others, etc.) In A. Broek (Ed. Linguistics and Philosophy; As Taught In Spring 2014 Level Undergraduate. Ultimately that leads to its use as the common definition of . Thus, being able to access and connect a patient to a doctor at a hospital over the phone has helped the nurses achieve more legitimacy and overcome their small girl/boy status. 08 ) 31373-1 History, and Chirstine Sypnowhich the common definition of 12 Questions from Plato and aristotle to the literature on practical authority is disposition. Result of new search results basis of such reasons is epistemically suspect ( though see, e.g ethics logic A helpful summary of authoritative knowledge in philosophy on conservatism to exchange information regarding patient health as ethics, logic, methodology philosophy. There is an authoritative guide to the present considerations are meant to support this view coverage! 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